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Step 3: Hydrogen Decrepitation. Rare earth elements have hydrogen absorption effect. NdFeB magnet alloy sheets are placed in a vacuum tube rotary furnace. As hydrogen gas is filled, rare earth-rich phase in the grain boundary of NdFeB magnet alloy absorbs hydrogen gas. After hydrogen absorption saturated, the rare earth-rich phase turns to ...The reactions and phase changes occurring during sintering of NdFeB permanent magnet alloys were studied by differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The powders were produced by hydrogen decrepitation and on heating, hydrogen evolution occurred in two stages: firstly from the matrix phase (∼170 °C) and …Oct 25, 2015 · End-of-life NdFeB magnets are important secondary RE sources. Several recycling methods for NdFeB magnets have been developed, such as direct reuse,4 hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and regeneration of new NdFeB,5–7 pyrometallurgical methods,8,9 hydrometallurgical methods,10–13 gas-phase extraction. The HD-process converts the magnets possible to recover the hard magnetic powder from a to a powder due to the expansion of the material on particular device (e.g. hard disk drive or electric motor) hydrogen absorption. Recycling of NdFeB magnets by by simply exposing the complete system to a hydrogen this means has been proposed by Rivoirard ...We report investigations on the processing by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of RE2Fe14B (RE = Nd, Pr…) powders obtained by hydrogen decrepitation of …

The hydrogen decrepitation (HD) behaviors of various forms of the permanent magnet alloy Nd{sub 16}Fe{sub 76}B{sub 8} and stoichiometric composition Nd{sub 11.8}Fe{sub 82.3}B{sub 5.9} have been investigated to provide background information on the production of sintered magnets by the HD process. ... The procedure …

In this paper it is demonstrated that hydrogen could play a vital role in this process. Fully dense, sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the …

The reaction speed in the typical hydrogenation run (Fig. 1b, 1d) is limited only by the rate of the gas diffusion into the sample.When the reaction proceeds in deficiency of hydrogen (Fig. 1b) only a part of the Nd transforms into neodymium hydride NdH y as it follows from the diffraction pattern displayed in Fig. 2d.That pattern includes …An effective and complete processing route for the recycling of sintered Nd-Fe-B scrap magnets was proposed. Sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets were subjected to the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) process at various temperatures in the range of 50–300 °C, at two different pressures, 50 kPa and 200 kPa, followed by vacuum dehydrogenation in …So exposure at LOW temperature to hydrogen leads the NdFeB pieces to react via intergranular fracturation (decrepitation), the mass of Nd2Fe14B grains forminfg a metal hydride with max ... Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) is a suitable method for recycling sintered neodymium-iron-boron magnets obtained from electronic scrap into a coercive powder [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. ... Anisotropic ...Jul 14, 2000 · The decrepitation process and related changes in the sample temperature are analysed to explain the experimentally observed weight gain curve of a Nd–Fe–B sample due to hydrogen uptake. It is shown that the expansion of the specific surface resulting from decrepitation of the sample is the most important parameter controlling the hydrogen ...

hydrogen uptake (2043.76 μmol∙g-1) was received for conditions 4 bar and room temperature, while the lowest (925.27 μmol∙g -1 ) for 1 bar at 400 0 C (Figure 4). At room temperature (29

Received 21st February 2020, Accepted 5th March 2020. meric portion. The PA-free magnet powder was found to retain >90% of its original magnetic properties. Two epoxy-bonded magnets produced with this recycled magnet powder showed magnetic properties. DOI: 10.1039/d0gc00647e.

Oct 25, 2015 · End-of-life NdFeB magnets are important secondary RE sources. Several recycling methods for NdFeB magnets have been developed, such as direct reuse,4 hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and regeneration of new NdFeB,5–7 pyrometallurgical methods,8,9 hydrometallurgical methods,10–13 gas-phase extraction. An essential information about history and applications of Hydrogen Decrepitation has been generally reported. Very important technical details about the HD route were summarized, as well as fabrication procedure of Nd16Fe76B8 permanent magnet. Some micro strucural of SEM images of hydride and sintered magnets were given to …A study of the processing and characterisation of sintered NdFeB magnets made from recycled feed stock was undertaken. Initially the hydrogen decrepitated (HD) powder was investigated using two different milling techniques ball milling and burr milling. The powders were analysed with optical microscopy, with the aid of a magnetic field.2.1. Introduction of this section. HDDR treatment is used to obtain Nd-Fe-B magnet powders with good magnetic anisotropy and high coercivity [6,8,19].Therefore, HDDR treatment has been used to produce anisotropic bonded magnets for high-performance motors in automobiles and electronic devices [20,21].In typical HDDR …Jan 1, 1991 · Abstract. In this paper we describe and discuss the use of hydrogen in the processing ofNdFeB-type magnets. The roles of hydrogen in the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and hydrogenation, disproportionation, desorption and recombination (HDDR) processes are considered together with the characteristics of the magnets produced by these routes.

The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB-type sintered magnets. M. Degri. Materials Science, Engineering. 2014. A study of the processing and characterisation of sintered NdFeB magnets made from recycled feed stock was undertaken. Initially the hydrogen decrepitated (HD) powder was investigated using two…. Expand.Hydrogen decrepitation (HD) of Nd-Fe-B cast alloys is widely used in the processing of sintered magnets. The oxidation resistance under air of alloy powder …The MMG has been active in the field of rare earth alloys and processing of permanent magnets using hydrogen for over 40 years. Originated by Professor Emeritus Rex Harris, the hydrogen decrepitation method, which is used to reduce NdFeB alloys to a powder, is now ubiquitously employed in worldwide magnet processing. Sep 7, 2022 · We report investigations on the processing by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of RE2Fe14B (RE = Nd, Pr…) powders obtained by hydrogen decrepitation of decommissioned magnets and the magnetic properties of the consolidated magnets. First experiments have been carried out with a commercial powder to make clear the mechanisms occurring during the powder densification. The magnetic properties of ... International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Volume 22, Issues 2–3 , February–March 1997 , Pages 241-244 Technical and operating features of interaction between hydrogens and alloys and magnets on the basis of rare earth metalsThe Hydrogen Decrepitation and the Hydrogen Disproportionation Desorption Recombination processes for the preparation and the recycling of the two industrially produced phases of SmCo alloys, SmCo5 and Sm2Co17, are reviewed. The effects of the chemical composition, the microstructure, the exposure time, the hydrogen …A combination of hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and jet milling (JM) has been used to produce powder for the processing of permanent magnets. ... The procedure has proved to be very successful for both NdFeB (Neomax) alloys and the NdDyFeNbB high coercivity alloys. The magnets produced by the HD/JM process showed excellent …

The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB-type sintered magnets. M. Degri. Materials Science, Engineering. 2014. A study of the processing and characterisation of sintered NdFeB magnets made from recycled feed stock was undertaken. Initially the hydrogen decrepitated (HD) powder was investigated using two…. Expand.

Abstract. This paper reports the desorption of hydrogen from NdFeB powder, and unmilled material, produced using hydrogen decrepitation as a pre-milling technique, investigated using a mass spectrometer to monitor the hydrogen partial pressure in the system as the sample was heated under vacuum from room temperature to …Hydrogen Decrepitation is a known process for breaking rare earth alloys such as NdFeB into powder, as described by Zakotnik et al. (“Hydrogen Decrepitation and Recycling of Sintered NdFeB-type Sintered Magnets”, Proceedings of 19 th International Workshop on Rare Earth Permanent Magnets & Their Applications; pp 289-295).In recent years, under the background of global low-carbon development, the production of NdFeB magnets has increased dramatically. With the end of magnet life, a large number of discarded products will be produced in the future. At the same time, 6–73% of industrial waste will be produced in the manufacturing process of magnets. The rare …The hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process are studied in detail based on these results. The hydrogen absorption mechanism of Sm(CoFeCuZr) 7.6 alloy can be regarded as a hydrogen dissolution process without phase transformation. In addition, the existence of a large amount of fine grains in the SC has an adverse effect on the …Hydrogen decrepitation as a highly efficient and excellent crushing method is widely used in the preparation of NdFeB magnets. ... Expand. 1. Save. The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB based magnets. S. Adrwish. Materials Science, Engineering. 2013; The scrap magnets were turned into a powder using the HD process. …The processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB-type sintered magnets. M. Degri. Materials Science, Engineering. 2014. A study of the processing and characterisation of sintered NdFeB magnets made from recycled feed stock was undertaken. Initially the hydrogen decrepitated (HD) powder was investigated using two…. Expand.

May 5, 2023 · The first is the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process, which is already used in the primary production of NdFeB magnets to convert the alloy into powder form before further comminution. 46 The second process, named HDDR, which consists of two different steps, namely hydrogenation–disproportionation (HD) and desorption–recombination (DR), was ...

The hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process are studied in detail based on these results. The hydrogen absorption mechanism of Sm(CoFeCuZr) 7.6 alloy can be regarded as a hydrogen dissolution process without phase transformation. In addition, the existence of a large amount of fine grains in the SC has an adverse effect on the …

High-temperature demagnetization can, however, cause melting of components, e.g., plastics, glue, etc. Hydrogen decrepitation (Table 8.3), a more efficient alternative, has been suggested for processing of HDDs [34], [35]. The NdFeB magnets absorb hydrogen, expanding in volume with about 5%, which causes breaking into …A bulk ingot of a Nd-Fe-B alloy has been powdered by a combination of hydrogen decrepitation and attritor milling. The powder was aligned and pressed in the hydrided condition and the green compact sintered at 1080‡ C for 1 h after an appropriate heating rate. Excellent densities were achieved after this procedure and the magnets produced …We report investigations on the processing by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of RE2Fe14B (RE = Nd, Pr…) powders obtained by hydrogen decrepitation of …Fully dense sintered NdFeB-type magnets have been subjected to the hydrogen decrepitation (HD) process. The resultant powder has been subsequently processed in one of two ways in order to produce ...Hydrogen decrepitation of Nd-Fe-B type magnet alloys is a two stage process. Firstly, the hydrogen reacts with the Nd-rich phase at or close to room …Feb 9, 2023 · Abstract The process of hydrogen decrepitation of the (Nd, Pr, Dy)(Fe, Co)2.6 alloy in wide temperature and pressure ranges has been studied. The choices of the chemical composition of the (Nd, Pr, Dy)(Fe, Co)2.6 alloy and the method of production of the initial alloy based on out-of-furnace calcium–thermal reduction are substantiated. The introduction of dysprosium into the alloy ... Electrolytic Hydrogen Decrepitation of NdFeB Magnets Under Ambient Conditions. V. Kaplan, Y. Feldman, …, I. Lubomirsky. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy • Volume 8, Issue 3 • 1 September 2022. 1 citation; Scopus record. Article. 2D Pb-Halide Perovskites Can Self-Heal Photodamage Better than 3D Ones.Aug 4, 2022 · Here, we describe a room temperature, electrolytic decrepitation process applied to sintered Nd 2 Fe 14 B magnet fragments taken from end-of-life computer hard disk drives. In this process, fine grain, Nd-magnet-hydride powder is rapidly produced by atomic hydrogen in a 2 M KOH electrolyte. Jan 1, 2006 · Several recycling methods for NdFeB magnets have been developed, such as direct reuse,4 hydrogen decrepitation (HD) and regeneration of new NdFeB,5–7 pyrometallurgical methods,8,9 hydrometallurgical methods,10–13 gas-phase extraction. Direct reuse is only suitable for large magnets, such as those used for wind turbines, electric motors, and ... Seven methods of production have been summarized, starting with the conventional powder metallurgy route and ending by the Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) route, as they are the most applicable routes in this field. The advantages and disadvantages of the reported routes were mentioned. In fact, the HD method was found to have the following ...The corrosion and degradation of sintered Nd–Fe–B type magnets by hydrogen obtained from moisture in the environment has been termed the Negative Harris Effect. The residual hydrogen from the hydrogen decrepitation process in the manufacture of fully dense magnets is desorbed completely during the vacuum sintering …

Rare earth magnets based upon neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) are employed in many high tech applications, including h... Skip to main content. Sign In Create account . Journal Article OPEN ACCESS. THE USE OF THERMAL HYDROGEN DECREPITATION TO RECYCLE Nd-Fe-B MAGNETS FROM ELECTRONIC WASTE. Piotrowicz A; Pietrzyk S; …The behavior of hydrogen absorption in the NdFeB Hydrogen Decrepitation process is affected by the shape of the NdFeB alloy, pressure and temperature curves of …As noted above, the calculated Gibbs energy of reactions of individual REE with atomic hydrogen (Table 1) is strongly negative, thereby predictive of rapid chemical decrepitation of the two-phase Nd-magnet within the temperature range of interest. These reactions can be expected to take place immediately … See moreThe processing and characterisation of recycled NdFeB based magnets. S. Adrwish. Materials Science. 2013. The scrap magnets were turned into a powder using the HD process. The powder was milled for specific times and sintered for 1-3hrs at 1090 °C. The magnet samples were measured using a permeameter to…. Expand. PDF.Instagram:https://instagram. str.sol._einberufung_ogv_jab_2019_28.05.2019aaa.pdfc308 furniturenc 12x80night club cerca de mi Dec 20, 2020 · Extraction of NdFeB from rotors using hydrogen. Seven semi-embedded rotors and non-embedded rotors were processed separately in two experiments. All the magnets in individual slots were scored in concentric circles using an angle grinder to provide a fresh surface for the hydrogen, as shown in Fig. 3, 15–30 min before being loaded into the ... la nostra rete autorizzataapartments for sale umm suqeim The reactions and phase changes occurring during sintering of NdFeB permanent magnet alloys were studied by differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The powders were produced by hydrogen decrepitation and on heating, hydrogen evolution occurred in two stages: firstly from the matrix phase (∼170 °C) and … the james lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are The room temperature hydrogenation causes decrepitation of the material, where the Nd-rich material forms NdH 2.7 and the Nd 2 Fe 14 B matrix grains form an interstitial hydrogen solution. The material expands by ∼5% and because of its brittle nature and differential expansion, undergoes decrepitation [16] .Anisotropic powder was prepared with precursor (NdDy)-(FeCoNbCu)-B sintered magnets by hydrogen decrepitation, desorption, and subsequent annealing treatment. The hydrogen desorption was performed in magnetic fields of 0, 1, 3, and 5 T. The orientation of tetragonal phase grains of the powder was evaluated from the …